ENGLISH BEER

English beer has a long history, and quite distinct traditions of most other countries the brewing of beer (see beer and nationality).

Exceptionally, England is one of very few countries (with Ireland, Scotland and Wales), where beers, beers brewed by fermentation rather than hot blondes, remained dominant among beers. In addition cask-conditioned beer bottle rather than the beer is still normal, with beer finishing its maturation in casks in the cellar of the pub rather than the brewery.

The types of beer English

Some traditional types of beer include:

Bitter *
* Slight
* Stout
* Porter
* India Pale Ale
* Brown Ale
* Old Ale

warm beer

A common stereotype of English (and indeed most imbibers British beer) relates to their love of "warm beer". In reality, English beer is usually served at cellar temperature (between 10-14 ° C), which is often carefully controlled in a modern time of publication, although the temperature can naturally vary with the seasons. Proponents of the British beer say that based on subtle flavours than other nations, and these are highlighted by serving at a temperature which would allow other beers seem to be difficult. When harsher flavors exist in beer (most notably in those brewed in Yorkshire), they are traditionally mitigated by serving beer with a hand pump with a Sparkler, a device that mixes with air beer, some oxidation and flavor softening.

Cask beer

Beer keg is served by a hand pump or by gravity directly on the drum stillage. Other beers are sold in bottles or from carbon dioxide-valve engine. Beer keg and the beer is bottle conditioned by the champion of the Campaign for Real Ale under the name Real Ale.

Regional differences

With hop culture is characteristic of southern countries in particular Kent, south of traditional beers, such as London Pride, south of a line that can been drawn from the Bristol Channel to Laver (on the east coast of England) , Generally contain more hops than those found north of this line such as Boddingtons.

London

London, where was a porter, a dark beer, was developed. England the first large commercial breweries have emerged in London.

Burton upon Trent

See also: Brewers Burton, Burtonisation, and Burton Union

For centuries, Burton upon Trent has been involved in the brewing industry because of the quality of water (from wells, not the Trent River). This is the high proportion of salts dissolved in water, mainly caused by gypsum in the surrounding hills. Much open land inside and around the city is protected from chemical treatment to help preserve the water quality.

The city is still home to five breweries:

* Coors, a brewery from the proceeds of USA, which Carling. Coors also brew beer and Bass Stones Bitter under licence from Interbrew
* Marston, Thompson & Evershed Plc, now owned by Wolverhampton & Dudley Breweries PLC
* Burton Bridge Brewery, founded in 1982 by Geoff Mumford and Bruce Wilkinson.
* Brewery Tour, a new microbrewery
* Cottage Brewery, based in Old Cottage Inn

In addition, the Museum of Bass Brewing also continues to brew its own beer, separate from Coors.

A byproduct of the brewing industry, literally and figuratively, is the presence of the pot plant in the city. This has generated the production of Bovril. Together with the breweries that may give the region a distinctive smell.

The development of rail links to Liverpool brewers allowed to export their beer throughout the British Empire. The accidental sinking of a freighter carrying India Pale Ale (a beer brewed specifically to keep during the long sea voyage to India) gave rise to barrels being washed ashore. The popularity of these samples fortuitous led to the placing on the market within these ale, and began the gradual transformation of English drinking tastes.

Previously, the English drank mainly solid and bearer - Dark beers flavoured with roasted barley and other Guinness - but bitter (a development of pale) has come to prevail. This widely hoppy, light beer is easier to store and transport, and thus promoted the growth of large breweries.

Burton has come to dominate this profession, and its height at a quarter of all beer sold in Britain has been achieved here. Although more than 30 breweries are recorded in 1880, a process of mergers and acquisitions of companies has resulted in three major breweries remaining in 1980: Bass, Ind Coopes and Marston. Only Burton Bridge brewery remains an independent brewer today.

The reputation of beers Burton gave rise to English euphemism "Burton opted for a" sense of death - a World War II humorous suggestion that the absence of a comrade had simply choked for a beer.

The city connection with the brewing industry is celebrated by a sculpture by Burton Cooper, who is now located in the mall.

Burton upon Trent is also known in technology circles beer for the Burton Union fermentation recirculation system, now used only by Marston's Brewery (Burton all other brewers have changed for stainless steel).

Ale Conner

An FTA-Conner (sometimes aleconner) was an officer appointed by year, the courtyard of the former Leet English communities to ensure the safety and goodness of bread, beer, and beer. There were many different names for this position, which varies from one place to another: "ale-tasters," gustatores cervisiae, "ale-founders," and "Conners-ale". Ale Conners were also often confidence to ensure that the beer was sold at a fair price. Historically, four-ale Conners have been chosen each year by the town-hall of the city.

Ale Conners have sworn to "consider and determination of beer and ale, and take care that they were good and healthy, and sold at reasonable prices according to the foundation, and also to present all defaults Brewers at the next court-Leet. "

The tradition has been maintained in London in the 20th century. The Encyclopaedia Britannica 1911 reports:

In London, four-ale Conners, whose duty is to examine the measures used by beer and liquor sellers to guard against fraud, are always chosen each year by the liverymen common room assembled on Summer Solstice. Since ale and beer have become products subject to excise duty, custom to appoint ALE-tasters has in most places fallen into disuse.

The title was also used by officers chosen by the liverymen in London to discuss measures used in taverns. The title is a sinecure.

Lager

Despite the traditional English ale beer, more than half of the current English market is now blonde (Pale Lager which is the same as a German "Helles"). These light color, bottom fermented beers started to gain real popularity in England in the last part of the 20th century.

Carling (a blonde), which is owned by the American / Canadian brewing giant Molson Coors Brewing Company is the highest selling beer in England and is mainly brewed in Burton upon Trent. Meanwhile the largest brewery in Britain today, Scottish & Newcastle, which has three breweries (Manchester, Reading and Tadcaster) breaststroke Britain on the second highest sale of beer which is the Foster's lager.

Other popular lagers including Kronenbourg in England (which also belongs to Scottish & Newcastle) and Stella Artois (which belongs to the Belgian brewer InBev and England is brewed in south Wales and Samlesbury, nr Preston).